繼續之前使用ctypes實做Windows data type，這次要做的是使用windows api，來做一個console interface的聊天室，此篇僅先做出介面的樣子
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
from ctypes.wintypes import *
import msvcrt
import sys
#-----------------debug use----------------------
import inspect
def myDebugMsg(msg=''):
print('{} at:{}'.format(msg, inspect.stack()[1][1:3]))
def pause():
while True:
if msvcrt.kbhit():
break
#------------------------------------------------
#--------------------------------------------------
# use ctypes to create a windows data type
class Char(ctypes.Union):
_fields_ = [("UnicodeChar",WCHAR),
("AsciiChar", CHAR)]
class CHAR_INFO(ctypes.Structure):
_anonymous_ = ("Char",)
_fields_ = [("Char", Char),
("Attributes", WORD)]
class CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [('dwSize', DWORD),
('bVisible', BOOL)]
PCHAR_INFO = ctypes.POINTER(CHAR_INFO)
COORD = wintypes._COORD
#---------------------------------------------------
class dllLoader:
'''
load the dll written by c and call them for use
'''
def __init__(self):
self.mKernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('Kernel32.dll')
self.mUser32 = ctypes.WinDLL('User32.dll')
def getKernel32(self):
return self.mKernel32
def getUser32(self):
return self.mUser32
Kernel32 = property(getKernel32)
User32 = property(getUser32)
dll = dllLoader()
#-------------------------------------------------------
上面這些code是先將我會用到的dll檔先load好和windows api data type實做出來，另外還有方便我用來debug的函式，接下來就是用來實做介面的code
class consoleBackBuffer:
def __init__(self, w, h):
self.mstdout = dll.Kernel32.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(
0x80000000|0x40000000, #generic read and write
0x00000001|0x00000002,
None,
1, #CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER defined in winbase.h
None)
if self.mstdout == HANDLE(-1):
myDebugMsg('CreateConsoleScreenBuffer failed')
self.cursorInfo = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO()
self.cursorInfo.dwSize = 25
self.coordBufSize = COORD()
self.coordBufSize.X = w
self.coordBufSize.Y = h
self.coordBufCoord = COORD()
self.coordBufCoord.X = 0
self.coordBufCoord.y = 0
self.readRgn = SMALL_RECT()
self.readRgn.Top = 0
self.readRgn.Left = 0
self.readRgn.Right = w-1
self.readRgn.Bottom = h-1
self.writeRgn = SMALL_RECT()
self.writeRgn.Top = 0
self.writeRgn.Left = 0
self.writeRgn.Right = 79
self.writeRgn.Bottom = 24
self.actuallyWritten = DWORD() # used when writeconsole called
self.setCursorVisibility() # by default, set cursor invisible
def setCursorVisibility(self, flag = False):
self.cursorInfo.bVisible = flag
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleCursorInfo(self.mstdout, ctypes.byref(self.cursorInfo))
def toggleActiveConsole(self, stdout=None):
if stdout != None:
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(stdout)
else:
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(self.mstdout)
def getHandle(self):
return self.mstdout
def set_color(self, color):
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute( self.mstdout, color )
def gotoxy(self, x, y, stdout=None):
coord = COORD(x, y)
if stdout == None:
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition( self.mstdout, coord)
else:
dll.Kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition( stdout, coord)
def setWriteSrc(self, x, y):
self.writeRgn.Top = y
self.writeRgn.Left = x
self.writeRgn.Right = x+self.coordBufSize.X-1
self.writeRgn.Bottom = y+self.coordBufSize.Y-1
def write(self, msg):
while len(msg)>self.coordBufSize.X:
tempMsg = msg[:self.coordBufSize.X-1]+'\n'
msg = msg[self.coordBufSize.X-1:]
success = dll.Kernel32.WriteConsoleW(
self.mstdout,
tempMsg,
DWORD(len(tempMsg)),
ctypes.byref(self.actuallyWritten),
None)
if success == 0:
myDebugMsg('WriteConsoleW failed')
if '\n' not in msg:
msg = msg+'\n'
if len(msg) != 0:
success = dll.Kernel32.WriteConsoleW(
self.mstdout,
msg,
DWORD(len(msg)),
ctypes.byref(self.actuallyWritten),
None)
if success == 0:
myDebugMsg('WriteConsoleW failed')
def present(self, mainBuffer):
chiBuffer = (CHAR_INFO*(self.coordBufSize.X*self.coordBufSize.Y))()
success = dll.Kernel32.ReadConsoleOutputW(
self.mstdout,
ctypes.byref(chiBuffer),
self.coordBufSize,
self.coordBufCoord,
ctypes.byref(self.readRgn)
)
if success == 0:
myDebugMsg('ReadConsoleOutputW failed')
success = dll.Kernel32.WriteConsoleOutputW(
mainBuffer,
ctypes.byref(chiBuffer),
self.coordBufSize,
self.coordBufCoord,
ctypes.byref(self.writeRgn))
if success == 0:
myDebugMsg('WriteConsoleOutput failed')
我會實做一個console buffer的原因是，我想要用double buffer，畢竟畫面需要常常更新，為了不讓畫面有閃爍，因此使用這個技術。題外話，其實感覺滿新鮮的 :) 因為我以前用過double buffer是在使用 windows api的gdi才用過，果然在CLI裡也有 :) 親自實做的感覺，其實滿有成就感的，接下來就是做一些 widget出來，只是我對於GUI的元件該有怎樣的包裝，我也不清楚，因此只是隨意的做做而已 :(
class widget:
def __init__(self, sx, sy, w, h):
self.console = consoleBackBuffer(w, h)
self.console.setWriteSrc(sx, sy)
self.gx = sx
self.gy = sy
#global position
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.mTitle = 'no name'
self.content = []
def getConsole(self):
return self.console
def getContent(self):
return self.content[:]
def setContent(self, content):
self.content = content[:]
def setTitle(self, title):
self.mTitle = title
def getTitle(self):
return self.mTitle
title = property(getTitle, setTitle)
def addContent(self, s):
if len(s) >= self.w-3:
self.content.append(s[:self.w-3])
self.content.append(s[self.w-3:])
else:
self.content.append(s)
def delContent(self, s):
self.content.remove(s)
def display(self, stdout):
self.console.present(stdout)
class usermenu(widget):
'''
show user list
'''
def __init__(self, sx, sy, w, h):
super().__init__(sx, sy, w, h)
def update(self):
#draw outline
border = '|'+'-'*(self.w-2)+'|'
emptyLine = '|'+' '*(self.w-2)+'|'
for y in range(self.h):
if y in (0, 2, self.h-1):
self.console.write(border)
else:
self.console.write(emptyLine)
#draw title and user list
tx = int( (self.w - len(self.title))/2 )
self.console.gotoxy(tx, 1)
self.console.write(self.title)
for i in range(len(self.content)):
self.console.gotoxy(2, 3+i)
self.console.write(self.content[i])
self.console.gotoxy(0, 0)
class msgroom(widget):
def __init__(self, sx, sy, w, h):
super().__init__(sx, sy, w, h)
self.scroll = 0
self.start = 0
def scrollContent(self, offset):
self.scroll += offset
if self.scroll > 0:
self.scroll = 0
def detectPageUpAndDown(self):
pageUP = dll.User32.GetAsyncKeyState(0x21)
pageDown = dll.User32.GetAsyncKeyState(0x22)
if pageUP != 0:
self.scrollContent(-2)
if pageDown != 0:
self.scrollContent(2)
def update(self):
self.detectPageUpAndDown()
border = '|'+'-'*(self.w-2)+'|'
emptyLine = '|'+' '*(self.w-2)+'|'
for y in range(self.h):
if y in (0, 2, self.h-1):
self.console.write(border)
else:
self.console.write(emptyLine)
#draw title and content
tx = int( (self.w - len(self.title))/2 )
self.console.gotoxy(tx, 1)
self.console.write(self.title)
index = len(self.content)-(self.h-4)+self.scroll
self.start = 0 if index < 0 else index
obj = self.content if len(self.content) < self.h-4 else self.content[self.start : self.start+self.h-4]
# wow, slice in python seems to automatically check the index if it is out of range
# ex. lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
# lst[-6:] no error produce
for i in range(len(obj)):
self.console.gotoxy(1, 3+i)
self.console.write(obj[i])
self.console.gotoxy(0, 0)
class inputLabel(widget):
def __init__(self, sx, sy, w, h):
super().__init__(sx, sy, w, h)
def update(self):
border = '|'+'-'*(self.w-2)+'|'
emptyLine = '|'+' '*(self.w-2)+'|'
for y in range(self.h):
if y in (0, 2, self.h-1):
self.console.write(border)
else:
self.console.write(emptyLine)
tx = int( (self.w - 8))
self.console.gotoxy(tx, 0)
self.console.write('|')
self.console.gotoxy(tx, 2)
self.console.write('|')
self.console.gotoxy(tx, 1)
self.console.write('|submit')
self.console.gotoxy(0, 0)
好了到這邊為止任務就完成了，想當然爾，要寫個code來測試，自己寫出來的code是不是跟自己想的效果一樣
def test():
'''
like this?
in windows, the size of console is 80X25 by default
setting:
2 space for left and rigth edge
one space or \n for each panel
chatroom: 15 height, 55 width
user list: 16 height, 15 width
submit: 71 width, height 3
|-------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------|
| chatroom | | user list |
|-------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------|
|name2: hello, you | |df |
|name1: yo | |yeah |
| | |one |
| | | |
| | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------| |-----------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------|
| yo, hahaha |submit |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|-------|
'''
from threading import Timer, Thread
hstdout = dll.Kernel32.GetStdHandle(DWORD(-11))
if(hstdout == HANDLE(-1)):
print('create buffer failed')
backBuffer = consoleBackBuffer(80, 25)
userpanel = usermenu(56, 0, 15, 17)
userpanel.title = 'user list'
userpanel.addContent('heyhey')
userpanel.addContent('haha')
userpanel.update()
userpanel.display(backBuffer.getHandle())
chatroom = msgroom(0, 0, 55, 17)
chatroom.title = 'chat room'
chatroom.addContent("eric: I'm so happy")
chatroom.update()
chatroom.display(backBuffer.getHandle())
inLabel = inputLabel(0, 18, 71, 3)
inLabel.update()
inLabel.display(backBuffer.getHandle())
backBuffer.present(hstdout)
input()
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
結果跑出來的，如同我想像 happy :)
其實後來我有使用socket，thread模組，加上這篇寫的code實做出一個多人聊天室，只是感覺鳥鳥的，有點不想PO出來 :( ，最近是打算寫出一個聊天軟體是GUI介面的，所以要先來研究tkinter，希望能夠成功做出來。
how to resize the console window in windows